光纤布拉格光栅传感器采用中心波长的变化反映被测量的变化，因此提高光纤布拉格光栅波长的解调精度具有重要意义。传统的解调算法大多抗噪性能差、解调精度有限，且无法对重叠光谱和畸变光谱进行精确解调，限制了解调系统的发展。高精度解调算法主要解决抗噪性能差、寻峰精度低等问题，能够实现传感器网络的精准解调。本文介绍了光纤光栅的传感原理，说明了光纤光栅的主要类型和制作方法。综述了近几年高精度光纤光栅波长解调算法，分单峰检测寻峰算法和多峰检测寻峰算法两种类型阐述了每种解调算法的原理和优缺点，并对未来的光纤光栅高精度解调算法进行了简要分析和展望。

针对传统波长解调算法在光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）在线监测系统检测精度不高、效率低的问题，提出了一种基于小波降噪的FBG波长高精度解调算法。首先，对小波降噪方法处理的光谱波形进行快速运算，得到新函数。然后，获得新函数对应的中心波长。最后，搭建了一套基于垂直腔面发射激光器的FBG变压器绕组温度在线监测系统，采用小波降噪算法对波长进行解调并间接得到温度数据。实验结果表明，相比直接寻峰、多项式拟合、高斯拟合算法，小波降噪算法具有速度快、稳定性好等优点，在70~90 ℃测量范围内，测温精度达到±0.04 ℃，波长解调的最大标准差小于1.67 pm，且该算法的运行效率高于常用的高斯拟合算法，可用于工业现场环境FBG的高精度实时在线监测系统。

In order to monitor the process of surface subsidence caused by mining in real time, we reported two types of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) based sensors. The principles of the FBG-based displacement sensor and the FBG-based micro-seismic sensor were described. The surface subsidence monitoring system based on the FBG sensing technology was designed. Some factual application of using these FBG-based sensors for subsidence monitoring in iron mines was presented.

The fiber Bragg grating (FBG) strain sensors were used for on-line monitoring of the stress variation of the lined wall in the gateway retained along the goaf of No. 3203 coal mining face in Dongtan Mine. The results showed that the FBG strain sensor with the wide measuring range could measure the stress variation accurately during the support process of the gateway retained along the goaf and could provide the basis to further optimize the support structure and to determine the support plan of the gateway retained along the goaf. The FBG micro-seismic sensors were used in Xinglong Mine to detect the micro-seismic signal. The signals were well received and analyzed to determine the location and energy level of the source of the micro-seismic event warning. The FBG sensors and detecting system show a significant potential for micro-seismic detection and geological disasters detection.